9+ Easy "I Am Who You Say I Am" Chords + Tabs


9+ Easy "I Am Who You Say I Am" Chords + Tabs

This phrase refers back to the musical notation, particularly the harmonic construction, underpinning a preferred up to date Christian tune. These notations permit musicians to recreate the tune’s accompaniment on devices like guitar, piano, or keyboard. An instance is perhaps a sequence of chords like G, D/F#, Em, and C forming a specific part of the tune.

Information of those buildings supplies musicians with the instruments to play and carry out the tune, enabling congregational singing and worship in spiritual settings. It additionally permits for particular person interpretations and preparations, fostering creativity and private expression inside a musical framework. The tune’s widespread recognition in up to date Christian music underscores the importance of readily accessible chord progressions for musicians.

Additional exploration might delve into the particular chord voicings used, the tune’s total construction, and its lyrical themes. Analyzing the musical association can present insights into how the music helps and enhances the message of the lyrics, enriching the understanding and appreciation of the piece.

1. Chord Progressions

Chord progressions kind the harmonic spine of “i’m who you say i’m chords,” dictating the emotional movement and musical course. The precise sequence of chords creates the tune’s distinct character and really feel. A typical development in up to date Christian music, like I-IV-vi-V (e.g., G-C-Em-D in the important thing of G), would possibly evoke a way of hope and uplifting reward. Understanding the progressions inside this tune unlocks its underlying construction and supplies a roadmap for musical interpretation. For instance, recognizing a repeated chord development within the verse and refrain highlights the tune’s lyrical themes of identification and affirmation.

Analyzing these progressions permits musicians to know the composer’s intent and create efficient preparations. Variations in rhythm, strumming patterns, and voicings could be employed whereas sustaining the core harmonic construction. A talented musician would possibly substitute chords inside a development, creating a novel interpretation whereas preserving the tune’s essence. This data permits for flexibility and inventive expression throughout efficiency. A easy, repetitive development could be made dynamic by rhythmic variations or the addition of passing chords.

Mastery of chord progressions inside this particular tune facilitates a deeper understanding of musical concept and its sensible utility in worship settings. Recognizing widespread progressions and their emotional impression enhances each efficiency and appreciation. This foundational data permits musicians to attach with the music on a deeper stage, fostering a extra significant worship expertise for each performers and listeners.

2. Key Signatures

Key signatures play an important function in figuring out the tonal heart and harmonic context of “i’m who you say i’m chords.” The important thing signature, indicated by sharps or flats at the start of a chunk of music, dictates which notes are naturally sharp or flat all through the tune. This impacts the chords used and the general melodic construction. For example, a key signature of 1 sharp (G main or E minor) signifies that each one F’s might be performed as F#s, influencing the formation of chords like G main (G-B-D) and E minor (E-G-B). Selecting a distinct key signature, corresponding to 4 sharps (E main or C# minor), drastically alters the sound and really feel of the piece. This shift would lead to C#, F#, and G# at all times being sharp, producing completely different chord voicings and a definite melodic character. The important thing signature, due to this fact, establishes a tonal framework that governs the harmonic and melodic panorama of the composition.

Understanding the connection between key signatures and chord development permits musicians to transpose the tune successfully. Transposition entails shifting the tune to a distinct key whereas sustaining the identical melodic and harmonic relationships. That is incessantly performed to accommodate completely different vocal ranges or to create a particular sonic texture. If a vocalist finds the unique key too excessive, the tune could be transposed all the way down to a key with fewer sharps or extra flats, successfully reducing the pitch whereas preserving the melodic and harmonic construction. Conversely, transposing to a key with extra sharps or fewer flats raises the pitch. Correct transposition depends on understanding how chords are constructed inside a given key signature. A talented musician can simply transpose “i’m who you say i’m chords” to any key, broadening its accessibility and flexibility to varied efficiency contexts.

Key signatures are important for deciphering and performing “i’m who you say i’m chords.” They supply a basis for understanding the harmonic language of the tune and allow musicians to create preparations that go well with completely different musical wants. The flexibility to research and manipulate key signatures unlocks higher musical flexibility, permitting for nuanced interpretations and inventive expressions throughout the tune’s construction. Recognizing the impression of key signatures contributes to a extra knowledgeable and complete understanding of music concept and its sensible utility in efficiency.

3. Transposition

Transposition alters the important thing of a musical piece with out altering its elementary melodic and harmonic relationships. Within the context of “i’m who you say i’m chords,” transposition presents sensible advantages for vocalists and instrumentalists. A tune’s authentic key may not go well with each voice; transposing permits singers to carry out comfortably inside their vocal vary. For example, if the unique secret is too excessive, the chords could be transposed all the way down to a decrease key, making the melody simpler to sing. Equally, instrumentalists would possibly favor enjoying in a distinct key primarily based on their instrument’s tuning or their technical proficiency. Transposing the chords accommodates these preferences whereas preserving the tune’s important musical components. A guitarist would possibly transpose the chords to a key that higher fits open-string voicings, simplifying the accompaniment and making a fuller sound.

A number of strategies facilitate transposition. One widespread method entails understanding intervallic relationships between chords. Recognizing {that a} tune in G main could be transposed to C main by shifting every chord down an ideal fourth simplifies the method. Software program and on-line instruments additionally help with transposition, routinely producing chord charts in numerous keys. Nonetheless, a deeper understanding of music concept empowers musicians to transpose independently, fostering higher musical flexibility. Think about a situation the place sheet music or digital instruments are unavailable: a musician with a robust grasp of transposition can readily adapt “i’m who you say i’m chords” to any key on the fly. This capability proves invaluable in stay efficiency settings or collaborative conditions.

Mastery of transposition enhances musical versatility and accessibility. It permits “i’m who you say i’m chords” to be tailored for numerous efficiency contexts, catering to numerous vocal ranges and instrumental preferences. Whereas digital instruments provide handy transposition options, a stable understanding of music concept supplies a basis for unbiased and adaptable musicianship. This data empowers musicians to navigate numerous musical conditions successfully, fostering higher creativity and management over their efficiency.

4. Strumming patterns

Strumming patterns considerably affect the rhythmic really feel and stylistic interpretation of “i’m who you say i’m chords.” The selection of strumming sample impacts the groove and power of the tune, shaping its total character. A easy down-down-up-down-up strum creates a mild, flowing really feel, appropriate for intimate settings or introspective moments. In distinction, a extra syncopated strum, incorporating rests and percussive components, can inject power and drive, acceptable for congregational singing or upbeat performances. The interplay between the chord development and the strumming sample dictates the rhythmic texture of the music. For instance, a sluggish ballad-style strumming sample paired with the tune’s core development creates a way of reverence and emotional depth. Conversely, a driving, rhythmic strum provides a way of festivity. This interaction between concord and rhythm is essential for conveying the tune’s supposed emotional impression.

Efficient use of strumming patterns requires an understanding of musical time signatures and rhythmic notation. A time signature of 4/4 suggests a four-beat measure, with every quarter be aware receiving one beat. Inside this framework, numerous strumming patterns could be employed. A typical sample would possibly contain eight strums per measure, combining downstrokes and upstrokes in particular combos. Including percussive components, like muted strums or slaps, creates rhythmic complexity. The selection of strumming sample additionally interacts with the dynamics of the tune. A crescendo, or gradual improve in quantity, could be achieved by progressively incorporating extra forceful strums. Conversely, a decrescendo entails softening the strums to create a way of fading quantity. These nuances in strumming approach add depth and expressiveness to the efficiency.

Mastery of strumming patterns is important for crafting compelling and stylistically acceptable renditions of “i’m who you say i’m chords.” A considerate selection of strumming sample enhances the tune’s emotional impression, making a extra partaking and significant musical expertise. This management over rhythmic expression permits musicians to attach with the music on a deeper stage, shaping the listener’s expertise and conveying the tune’s message with higher nuance and impression. Creating a various repertoire of strumming patterns enhances musical versatility, offering musicians with the instruments to adapt the tune to varied efficiency contexts and stylistic preferences.

5. Fingerpicking kinds

Fingerpicking kinds provide an alternate method to strumming, offering intricate and nuanced interpretations of “i’m who you say i’m chords.” As a substitute of utilizing a decide to strum a number of strings concurrently, fingerpicking entails plucking particular person strings with the fingertips or fingernails. This system permits for higher management over the melodic and harmonic textures, making a extra delicate and expressive sound. Particular patterns assign completely different fingers to explicit strings, creating intricate arpeggios or melodic traces that intertwine with the underlying chord development. A typical fingerpicking sample would possibly contain the thumb enjoying the basis be aware of the chord whereas the fingers pluck the remaining chord tones in a particular sequence. This creates a flowing, arpeggiated sound that enhances the tune’s lyrical content material. Think about a passage the place the lyrics converse of quiet reflection or private devotion: a fragile fingerpicking sample can improve the introspective temper, creating a way of intimacy and emotional depth. Conversely, a extra energetic fingerpicking fashion, incorporating percussive components like thumb slaps or string pulls, can add rhythmic drive and pleasure.

Adapting fingerpicking patterns to “i’m who you say i’m chords” requires an understanding of the tune’s harmonic construction and melodic contours. Analyzing the chord development reveals alternatives for incorporating melodic gildings and countermelodies throughout the fingerpicking association. For instance, the melody notes of the tune could be integrated into the fingerpicking sample, making a seamless interaction between the accompaniment and the vocal line. Travis choosing, a preferred fingerpicking fashion, alternates between the bass notes and better chord tones, making a rhythmic and melodic basis. Making use of this fashion to the tune’s chord development supplies a wealthy and dynamic accompaniment. Think about a piece the place the melody emphasizes a specific lyrical phrase: a rigorously crafted fingerpicking sample can intensify these melodic nuances, enhancing the tune’s emotional impression. The selection of fingerpicking fashion additionally will depend on the specified temper and the general association. A sparse, minimalist method can create a way of house and introspection, whereas a extra advanced and layered association provides texture and depth.

Fingerpicking kinds provide a wealthy palette of expressive potentialities for deciphering “i’m who you say i’m chords.” This system permits musicians to maneuver past primary strumming patterns, exploring intricate rhythmic and melodic textures that improve the tune’s emotional depth and musical complexity. Mastering fingerpicking methods broadens a musician’s creative toolkit, enabling them to create nuanced and charming preparations tailor-made to particular efficiency contexts and creative intentions. The interaction between the tune’s chords and the chosen fingerpicking sample shapes the listener’s expertise, fostering a deeper reference to the music and its message.

6. Capo utilization

Capo utilization presents important flexibility in performing “i’m who you say i’m chords.” A capo, a tool clamped onto the guitar fretboard, successfully shortens the size of the strings, elevating the pitch. This enables musicians to play the tune in numerous keys whereas utilizing acquainted chord shapes. A guitarist would possibly favor the voicing and fingering of chords in G main however need to carry out the tune in a better key like A significant. Putting a capo on the second fret successfully transposes the guitar to A, permitting the guitarist to play G main formed chords whereas producing the sound of A significant. This simplifies efficiency, particularly for vocalists who could discover the unique key too low or excessive. Capo use can even alter the timbre and resonance of the instrument, making a brighter, extra ringing tone. Putting the capo greater up the fretboard shortens the vibrating size of the strings, leading to a thinner and extra delicate sound.

Strategic capo placement opens up inventive potentialities for arranging and deciphering the tune. Utilizing a capo permits guitarists to discover completely different voicings and textures throughout the similar key. By altering the capo place, the identical chord shapes produce completely different inversions, altering the bass notes and total harmonic character. A guitarist would possibly experiment with capo placements on completely different frets to seek out voicings that greatest complement the vocal melody or improve the general association. Moreover, capo use can facilitate simpler transitions between chords, significantly for learners. Sure chord progressions turn out to be bodily less complicated to execute with a capo, permitting for smoother transitions and a extra polished efficiency. For instance, utilizing a capo would possibly simplify the transition between a G chord and a D chord, making the change smoother and fewer awkward for much less skilled gamers.

Understanding capo utilization enhances one’s capability to adapt and personalize “i’m who you say i’m chords.” It presents sensible options for matching vocal ranges, simplifying advanced chord shapes, and exploring numerous sonic textures. Whereas not an alternative choice to complete music concept data, capo use supplies a invaluable software for musicians looking for higher flexibility and inventive management over their efficiency. Nonetheless, relying solely on a capo with out understanding the underlying musical ideas can restrict a musicians total growth. A balanced method, combining capo utilization with a stable understanding of transposition and chord concept, supplies the simplest path in the direction of musical progress and expressive freedom. In the end, capo utilization contributes to a extra nuanced and adaptable method to performing and deciphering this broadly in style piece of music.

7. Simplified preparations

Simplified preparations of “i’m who you say i’m chords” make the tune accessible to a wider vary of musical ability ranges. These preparations sometimes scale back the complexity of the chord voicings, strumming patterns, or rhythmic components, enabling learners or much less skilled musicians to study and carry out the piece. A simplified association would possibly substitute advanced barre chords with simpler open chords, or scale back a syncopated strumming sample to an easier, extra manageable rhythm. This adaptation permits novice musicians to interact with the tune’s core musical and lyrical content material with out being overwhelmed by technical challenges. For instance, a newbie guitarist would possibly wrestle with the unique F#m7 chord. A simplified association might substitute this with an easier F#m chord, permitting the participant to give attention to the general tune construction and lyrical message. Simplified variations typically give attention to the tune’s core development, omitting gildings or advanced transitions to streamline the training course of. This give attention to foundational components supplies an important entry level for aspiring musicians, fostering confidence and inspiring continued musical growth.

The supply of simplified preparations expands the tune’s attain inside congregational settings and particular person apply. Worship leaders can make the most of these preparations to encourage broader participation in musical worship, permitting people with various musical skills to contribute. Simplified variations additionally function efficient instructing instruments for music educators, enabling college students to understand elementary musical ideas inside a well-known and interesting context. Think about a church setting the place a bunch of younger persons are studying to play guitar. A simplified association of “i’m who you say i’m chords” supplies an accessible entry level, permitting them to expertise the enjoyment of enjoying music in a worship context. Equally, a person studying guitar at residence can profit from simplified preparations, constructing expertise progressively and gaining confidence earlier than tackling extra advanced variations.

Whereas simplified preparations present invaluable accessibility, one should acknowledge potential trade-offs. These variations could sacrifice a few of the authentic association’s nuances and complexities. Nonetheless, they function an important bridge, enabling wider participation and fostering musical progress. Musicians typically start with simplified preparations and regularly progress in the direction of extra advanced variations as their expertise develop. This tiered method to studying fosters a way of accomplishment and encourages continued exploration of musical expression. The final word objective stays facilitating significant musical experiences, no matter technical proficiency. Simplified preparations contribute considerably to this objective, making certain that music stays accessible and interesting for all who want to take part.

8. Worship Contexts

Understanding the worship contexts surrounding “i’m who you say i’m chords” illuminates the tune’s significance and impression inside up to date Christian worship. The tune’s message of identification and affirmation resonates deeply inside these contexts, shaping particular person and communal experiences of religion. Inspecting particular aspects of those worship contexts reveals a deeper understanding of the tune’s perform and which means.

  • Congregational Singing

    The chord construction facilitates congregational singing, permitting numerous teams of worshippers to take part in musical reward. Simple-to-follow chord progressions and available sheet music allow musicians of various ability ranges to steer and accompany the tune. The tune’s repetitive construction and clear melodic traces encourage energetic participation, creating a way of unity and shared non secular expertise. In a Sunday service setting, the accessible chord development permits a various congregation, together with guitarists, pianists, and vocalists, to affix in unified worship. This collective musical expression enhances the sense of neighborhood and shared religion.

  • Private Reflection and Devotion

    Past congregational settings, the chords assist particular person reflection and personal devotion. The available assets, corresponding to on-line chord charts and tutorial movies, permit people to study and play the tune in private settings. This accessibility fosters a deeper reference to the tune’s message, enabling people to interact with themes of identification and religion on a extra intimate stage. A person would possibly use the chords to accompany their very own singing throughout private prayer time, fostering a deeper reference to the tune’s message of self-worth and divine acceptance. This personal engagement with the music could be a highly effective supply of consolation and non secular renewal.

  • Thematic Integration inside Providers

    Worship leaders typically combine “i’m who you say i’m chords” strategically inside a service’s broader thematic construction. The tune’s message of identification in Christ could be linked to sermons or readings that discover related themes. This intentional placement amplifies the tune’s impression, reinforcing key messages and making a cohesive worship expertise. For example, a sermon specializing in Ephesians 1:11-12, emphasizing God’s predestined plan for believers, may very well be adopted by the tune to musically reinforce the theme of identification and objective. This creates a robust synergy between the spoken phrase and musical expression, deepening the congregation’s understanding and engagement with the message.

  • Use in Small Group Settings

    Small group settings, corresponding to Bible research or prayer teams, additionally make the most of “i’m who you say i’m chords” to create an environment of intimate worship and shared reflection. The tune’s accessible construction permits for casual musical participation, fostering a way of connection and vulnerability throughout the group. The chord development’s simplicity permits group members to simply study and play the tune collectively, fostering a way of shared musical expertise. Throughout a small group gathering, people would possibly share private reflections associated to the songs themes whereas somebody performs a easy acoustic guitar accompaniment. This intimate setting creates a secure house for vulnerability and encourages deeper reference to each the music and the non secular message.

These numerous worship contexts underscore the flexibility and impression of “i’m who you say i’m chords” inside up to date Christian apply. The tune’s accessible construction and highly effective message facilitate each particular person and communal expressions of religion, enriching worship experiences and deepening non secular understanding.

9. Musical Interpretations

Musical interpretations considerably form the reception and impression of “i’m who you say i’m chords.” Variations in tempo, dynamics, instrumentation, and vocal supply affect the emotional resonance and non secular depth conveyed. A slower tempo, mixed with sustained instrumentation and a reflective vocal fashion, can evoke a way of reverence and awe, emphasizing the tune’s themes of identification and divine acceptance. Conversely, a quicker tempo, pushed by rhythmic instrumentation and energetic vocals, would possibly create a extra celebratory and uplifting ambiance, highlighting the enjoyment and affirmation present in religion. The selection of key additionally performs an important function; a decrease key can convey intimacy and vulnerability, whereas a better key initiatives power and confidence. Think about a efficiency the place a solo pianist performs a stripped-down, introspective model, emphasizing the tune’s vulnerability. Distinction this with a full band association that includes electrical guitars, drums, and a gospel choir, creating a robust and uplifting expertise. These numerous interpretations display the tune’s adaptability and its capability to attach with listeners on a number of emotional ranges.

The association of “i’m who you say i’m chords” supplies a framework for numerous expressions of religion. Instrumental interludes can create moments of reflection or construct emotional depth. Vocal harmonies add depth and richness, enhancing the tune’s message. Dynamic variations, from quiet whispers to highly effective crescendos, create a way of motion and emotional arc. A talented musician would possibly incorporate distinctive rhythmic patterns or melodic gildings, including a private contact whereas staying true to the tune’s core message. Think about a worship chief who incorporates a spontaneous a cappella part throughout a stay efficiency, making a second of uncooked emotional reference to the congregation. Or think about a recording artist who reinterprets the tune with a jazz or people affect, increasing its musical boundaries and reaching new audiences. These examples spotlight the dynamic interaction between musical interpretation and the underlying chord construction.

In the end, the impression of “i’m who you say i’m chords” extends past its primary harmonic construction. Musical interpretations add layers of which means and emotional depth, shaping particular person and communal experiences of worship. An understanding of those interpretive potentialities permits musicians to attach with the tune on a deeper stage, crafting performances that resonate authentically and meaningfully with numerous audiences. Challenges stay in balancing creative expression with the tune’s core message, making certain that interpretations improve fairly than detract from the supposed non secular which means. Nonetheless, this ongoing dialogue between musical creativity and non secular expression lies on the coronary heart of the tune’s enduring energy and relevance inside up to date Christian worship.

Continuously Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning “i’m who you say i’m chords,” offering clear and concise info for musicians and worship leaders.

Query 1: What’s the commonest key for this tune in congregational settings?

The important thing of G main is incessantly chosen as a consequence of its suitability for vocal ranges and ease of play on guitar. Nonetheless, transposition to different keys is widespread to accommodate numerous vocalists.

Query 2: Are simplified chord charts available?

Quite a few web sites and assets provide simplified chord charts, typically changing advanced barre chords with simpler open-string chords. These variations cater to learners and fewer skilled musicians.

Query 3: How can one adapt the chords for various devices apart from guitar?

The chord progressions could be tailored for piano, keyboard, or different devices by transposing the chords to the suitable vary and adjusting voicings as wanted.

Query 4: What are some widespread strumming patterns appropriate for this tune?

Easy down-down-up-down-up patterns work effectively, however extra advanced rhythms incorporating syncopation and rests can add stylistic variation. The selection will depend on the specified temper and tempo.

Query 5: Can capo use simplify the efficiency of advanced chords?

Strategic capo placement permits guitarists to play in numerous keys utilizing acquainted chord shapes, doubtlessly simplifying in any other case difficult voicings.

Query 6: How can the chords be integrated right into a extra up to date association?

Including passing chords, extensions, or incorporating components of jazz or gospel concord can create a extra up to date really feel whereas preserving the tune’s core construction. Experimentation with completely different rhythmic patterns and instrumentation can additional improve a up to date interpretation.

Understanding these widespread questions permits for a extra knowledgeable method to performing and deciphering “i’m who you say i’m chords” in numerous musical settings.

Additional sections might delve into extra particular technical facets of enjoying the tune, exploring completely different voicings, arranging methods, and efficiency practices.

Ideas for Using “I Am Who You Say I Am Chords” Successfully

The following pointers provide sensible steering for musicians looking for to make the most of chord progressions successfully, enhancing each particular person apply and congregational worship experiences. Every tip supplies particular insights and examples for maximizing musical impression.

Tip 1: Grasp the Core Development: Prioritize mastering the tune’s primary chord development earlier than exploring extra advanced variations. This foundational data permits smoother transitions and a stronger rhythmic basis.

Tip 2: Discover Totally different Strumming Patterns: Experiment with numerous strumming patterns to find rhythmic variations that complement the tune’s emotional dynamics. A easy down-down-up-down-up sample supplies a stable start line, whereas syncopated rhythms add rhythmic complexity.

Tip 3: Make the most of a Capo for Vocal Vary and Tone: Experiment with capo placement to discover a key that most closely fits vocal ranges whereas additionally exploring the tonal variations it presents. Totally different capo positions can brighten the guitar’s tone and simplify chord shapes.

Tip 4: Incorporate Fingerpicking for Melodic Nuance: Fingerpicking patterns add depth and intricacy, making a extra textured and interesting accompaniment. Discover patterns that complement the tune’s melodic contours and harmonic construction.

Tip 5: Simplify for Accessibility: Think about using simplified preparations for learners or congregational settings. Substituting advanced chords with less complicated variations permits wider participation and facilitates the training course of.

Tip 6: Transpose to Accommodate Vocalists: Transposing the tune to completely different keys ensures comfy vocal ranges for numerous singers. Understanding transposition methods permits adaptable efficiency in numerous settings.

Tip 7: Think about the Worship Context: Tailor preparations and efficiency kinds to go well with the particular worship context. Reflective settings would possibly profit from a slower tempo and less complicated instrumentation, whereas extra celebratory contexts would possibly name for a extra energetic method.

Tip 8: Follow Transitions Easily: Deal with clean transitions between chords, particularly when altering between advanced voicings. Follow these transitions repeatedly to make sure a elegant {and professional} efficiency.

By implementing the following tips, musicians can improve their understanding and utilization of chord buildings, creating extra partaking and significant musical experiences. These sensible approaches facilitate each particular person progress and enhanced congregational worship.

These sensible ideas present a pathway in the direction of a deeper understanding and simpler utilization of “i’m who you say i’m chords” inside numerous musical contexts. The next conclusion synthesizes the important thing takeaways and presents ultimate reflections on the subject.

Conclusion

Exploration of “i’m who you say i’m chords” reveals the importance of musical construction in conveying a robust message of religion and identification. Chord progressions, key signatures, and rhythmic patterns represent the foundational components enabling numerous musical interpretations. Accessibility by simplified preparations and transposition broadens the tune’s attain, fostering participation in numerous worship contexts. Evaluation of strumming patterns, fingerpicking kinds, and capo utilization demonstrates the potential for nuanced musical expression inside a structured framework. Consideration of worship contexts and musical interpretations highlights the tune’s adaptability and its capability to evoke numerous emotional responses, starting from quiet reflection to festivity.

The enduring impression of this musical piece stems from the interaction between its structured basis and the flexibleness it presents for particular person expression. Continued exploration of those musical components guarantees deeper engagement with the tune’s message and a richer understanding of its significance inside up to date Christian worship. Musicians and worship leaders are inspired to discover these nuances additional, fostering a deeper appreciation for the facility of music to convey profound non secular truths.